Metaphysics

Metaphysics . Science that studies the abstract nature of Being and God , manifesting itself in the duality of the positive and the negative. It tries to make it understood that man is the likeness and image of that omnipotent and omniscient God, but bound only by energy, which comes from him. It belongs as a science to Philosophy , dividing into two large branches: Ontology (study of Being) and Theology (studies things related to God).

Metaphysics is any systematic doctrinal construction, any idea, which, starting, without a doubt, from an empirical foundation, transforms it in a direction, preferably substantialist, such that the abstract unity (“not dramatized”, as occurs in the case of mythological constructions ), thus obtained, is located in places that are beyond all possibility of rational return to the world of phenomena: Soul , God , World as total reality, Matter in the sense of monism , Absolute Spirit, Agent Understanding, Nothing.

Summary

[ disguise ]

• 1 Origins
  • 1 First section
  • 2 Second section
  • 3 Third section
  • 4 Ontology
  • 5 Theology
  • 6 Gnoseology
• 2 Metafinite
• 3 Some of its exponents
• 4 Predecessors
• 5 Dialectical materialism and populists
• 6 External links
• 7 Sources

origins

It dates back to ancient Greece , about three hundred years before the existence of Christ and for the first time it became known under the name of Metaphysics in the writings of Aristotle , where its teachings were classified by sections that were named, by Andronicus in the 17th century. I as follows:

First section

“Logic”: From the Latin logĭca, which in turn comes from the Greek term logikós (from logos, “reason” or “study”). …is a formal science coming from Philosophy and its object of study is the principles of demonstration and valid inference.

It examines the validity of the arguments in terms of their structure (logical structure), regardless of the specific content of the discourse and the language used in its expression and the real states to which said content may refer, which is why it constitutes a formal science.

Second section

” Physics “: Science that studies nature .

Third section

“Metaphysics”: It studies everything that has to do in some way with God , characterizing itself as science, as the support of the wisdom of everything that we cannot perceive through the five senses and that only the mental part of the human body will be able to understand. competing with three fields of study that can be summarized in one:

Ontology

It is the science that studies Being with its characteristic of being unchangeable, free of modifications, since the only mobility it presents is the opposite: non-being, which is a state. State that cannot be known because if it is not, it did not exist and cannot be perceived through any means of collection. If speaking as existence we are in fact giving Being and we would become, it is. Everything Is. Non-being does not exist. When that Is, it will manifest itself and will be transformed into the Action that constitutes the first consequence that will arise from the fact of being or existing.

Theology

Recognize God as the Maximum and Supreme Being, studying Him in manifestation, in the direction of “I am.” According to Vedic literature and especially the Upanishads, leading exponents of the Hindu lodge, they stated in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad.

In the beginning only Being existed, in the form of a person. He looked around her and saw nothing except her own being. And she said it was “I am”; That’s how she pronounced her name, “I.”

In the Quran , the sacred book of the Islamic religion, it is found that each of its chapters begins with the phrase bismillahi ‘rahmani’ rahim, which means: “I am” is the full activity of God; in which the word of BRAHMAN is given to God, as a Being who embraces all beings and who is called ALLAH. According to a rough translation of the text of the said Quran it is: “In the name of ALLAH, the Gracious and the Merciful.”

In the SHRI RAGA of Guru Nanak, founder of the Sikh religion, he says the following about God as Being: “Friend, discover the True Being. He is the alienating liquor of Molasses.” On the other hand, in the TAO TE CHING, a work that supports the Taoist religion, it is appreciated that the TAO is the maximum and indefinable expression of the absolute being.

In the 1930s, in the United States of America there were references to the book called “The I Am Discourses” by the Ascended Master Saint Germain, in which the Metaphysics of Being is clearly expressed. Theology defining God as “I AM”, reflecting in one of its first chapters of the second edition in English the following: “I am” is the full activity of god.

epistemology

Science that studies knowledge in itself, as a universal principle, consistently leading to the discovery of Ontology and Theology . In the same way, it scrutinizes the field of action that moves Theology in manifestation, which in turn has been moved by Ontology. The Being and the study of it; Therefore, Ontology brought about the existence and study of God; Theology, giving rise to knowledge: Gnoseology.

Therefore:

Ontology represents the “I am.” Theology to “I am” what “I am.” And Gnoseology to “I know” what I am.

In esotericism the three states are associated in the three Rays of Cosmic Manifestation:

• Ontology: First Ray of the Will to Be. Connected with Manu and the Universe of Lord Shiva.
• Theology: Second Ray of love , wisdom. It is related to the Second Department of the Bodhisattwa of the Spiritual Hierarchy that is responsible for supporting all religions, connecting the Universe of Vishnu.
• Gnoseology: Third Ray of Active Knowledge related to the Department of the Maha Chohan given the task of disseminating the knowledge of all the activities of the plane of manifestation or Brahma.

Metafinite

Limit to which certain types of attributive totalities are tended (not only when they intervene in courses of metaphysical or mythical constructions, but also in courses very close to the biological , social or mathematical sciences ) when their parts are developed (actually or ideally) , as if they were going to “commensurate” the whole, which entails, simultaneously, an approximation (with identity as a limit), of some parts to others and of the whole with each of its parts.

Metafinite structures can be interpreted as an ideal model useful to account for many metaphysical constructions (for example: Anaxagoras ‘ idea of ​​”homeomerism”, Leibniz ‘s idea of ​​”monad” , the Neoplatonic idea of ​​the “presence of the soul in the body: whole in everything and whole in each of its parts”), or theological (the idea of ​​the divine trinity); but also biological (in each cell , and particularly in the germ cells, the entire organism is virtually present), political or moral (each person is responsible in their actions for all the others) and mathematical (the concept of “transfinite cardinal set” is defined precisely as a whole that is equal, biunivocally coordinated, with its parts or subsets, and these with each other).

Some of its exponents

Throughout the history of humanity and its thought, there have been numerous personalities who contributed to the teaching of Metaphysics:

• Aristotle : Supposedly the first metaphysician. He considered this science as “The First Science.”
• Andronicus of Rhodes: Creator of the word Metaphysics.
• Saint Thomas: He expressed that Metaphysics had as its object the study of first causes.
• George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel: He considered Theological Metaphysics to have the same purpose as religion .
• Innmanuel Kant: He considered Metaphysics as the study of the Whole, which would ultimately lead to obtaining the most general principles of all sciences, defining Ontology as Metaphysics.

Predecessors

• Swayabhuva: First Manu, according to HP Blavatsky, was the revealer of the first book of Knowledge and Occult Laws.
• Hermes: Revealer from Egypt and revealer of the Cosmic Laws emanating from the Being to sustain the physical and metaphysical universe.
• Pythagoras : Revealer of Mathematics , Geometry and Music , both physical and metaphysical or ultra-cosmic.
• Gautama Buddha: Taught how to acquire enlightenment through the realization of Being or Ontology.
• Jesus the ChristESUS: His entire teaching was a treatise on Metaphysics where he addressed Ontology by defining who the “I AM” is, and later as a Theologian, he revealed God and as a Gnoseologist he gave the theory of knowledge of how to reach the Truth that It provides freedom to men.

Metaphysics in its essence forms the basis of all religions, philosophies and currents of thought and cannot be in opposition to any of them, nor can they be against Metaphysics since its field of study and speculation is Metaphysics.

When any religion opposes it, it means that it does not study God, the Being and therefore, its knowledge. It does not belong to anyone specifically, since it goes beyond the parameters of the individual being, time and space.

It is infinite (it has no beginning or end), because it goes beyond opposites, and can be reduced or expanded according to the limitations of the human being. It has been collected in the literature of the illustrious Caracas writer Conny Méndez, where she makes an interpretation of said science according to the great philosophers of antiquity, but taken to colloquial language, with simplicity, which she called “penny words” and therefore its cause its study has been understood by any more or less intellectual reader.

Dialectical materialism and populists

With the creation of the dialectical materialism of Marx and Engels and with the development of scientific knowledge of Nature, the metaphysical conception of the world suffered a total collapse. But reactionaries of all kinds continued and continue to cling to metaphysics who desperately try to defend the old, to turn back the wheel of history. Bourgeois theorists never tire of “demonstrating” the eternity of capitalism .

Bourgeois political economy considers the capitalist regime, not as a historically transitory stage of evolution, but, on the contrary, as the absolute, final form of social production.

Marx

The Russian populists were situated in metaphysical positions , who denied the disintegration of peasant communities and the growth of the industrial proletariat; metaphysical positions occupied by the revisionists and opportunists of the Second International , who deny the irreconcilable character of class contradictions and who argue that the transition from capitalism to socialism must be carried out without jumps, without the proletarian revolution, through the “peaceful evolution of capitalism to socialism”.